Jingfang Granules improve glucose metabolism disturbance and inflammation in mice with urticaria by up-regulating LKB1/AMPK/SIRT1 axis

Jingfang Granule (JFG) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine prescription to empirically treat skin disease such as urticaria in clinical practice. However, the potential mechanisms of JFG on urticaria are not fully defined.The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanisms of JFG in treating urticaria through an OVA/aluminum hydroxide induced urticaria mice model.KM mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with OVA/aluminium hydroxide to establish the model with urticaria. After the mice were administered JFG, itching degree and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were used to assess the protective effect of JFG on mice with urticaria. The regulatory networks were investigated by proteomics and central carbon metabolomics. Spleen T lymphocyte subsets were detected by flow cytometry. Peripheral blood cytokines were detected using ELISA kits or Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) kits. The protein expression of skin tissue was detected by western blot or immunohistochemical staining.JFG significantly relived skin tissue lesions and skin pruritus in mice with urticaria. Meanwhile, JFG significantly decreased IgE, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4, TNF-α and IL-17A levels and increased IFN-γ levels in the serum of urticaria mice by inhibiting the expression of inflammation associated proteins including TLR4 and p-NF-κB p65, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK and p-p38, NLRP3, ASC and cleaved caspase-1. The results of proteomics, central carbon metabolomics, western blot and immunohistochemical staining confirmed that JFG inhibited Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis and Pentose phosphate pathway in the skin tissue of urticaria mice by activating the LKB1/AMPK/SIRT1 axis and then downregulating the protein expressions of Glut1, TORC2, p-CREB, PEPCK, HNF4α and G6Pase.The current study demonstrates that JFG is effective in treating OVA/aluminum hydroxide-induced skin lesions and inflammation in mice, and JFG exhibits the clinical benefits via modulating LKB1/AMPK/SIRT1 axis, which in turn inhibits Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis and Pentose phosphate pathway.