Mobile oscillators in a mobile multi-cluster network

Different collective behaviors emerging from the unknown have been examined in networks of mobile agents in recent years. Mobile systems, far from being limited to modeling and studying various natural and artificial systems in motion and interaction, offer versatile solutions across various domains, facilitating tasks ranging from navigation and communication to data collection and environmental monitoring. We examine the relative mobility between clusters, each composed of different elements in a multi-cluster network—a system composed of clusters interconnected to form a larger network of mobile oscillators. Each mobile oscillator exhibits both external (i.e., position in a 2D space) and internal dynamics (i.e., phase oscillations). Studying the mutual influence between external and internal dynamics often leads the system toward a state of synchronization within and between clusters. We show that synchronization between clusters is affected by their spatial closeness. The stability of complete synchronization observed within the clusters is demonstrated through analytical and numerical methods.