Review of Remediation Methods for Soil Contaminated with Cadmium

The heavy metal pollution is increasing with the continuous development of industrialisation and urbanisation. Among them, cadmium (Cd) contamination of soil (Anthrosol) is particularly serious. In order to solve this global problem, the technologies of soil remediation for heavy metal-contaminated sites have been studied in detail by taking into account the uniqueness of Cd-contaminated soil, including physical remediation, chemical remediation and bioremediation. Among them, chemical remediation (chemical leaching and chemical immobilisation), bioremediation (phytoremediation and microbial remediation) and their combined remediation have become the main technologies for soil remediation. In this paper, various composite remediation methods for soil with Cd contamination are reviewed, and there influencing factors, advantages and disadvantages, remediation mechanisms and practical applications are discussed in depth. In summary, this paper will help to understand current research progress, challenges and opportunities of soil remediation technologies for the sites contaminated with Cd and other heavy metals with similar properties, and provide a reference for the rational selection and development of remediation technologies for soil with Cd and other heavy metal contamination.