Adaptive double-loop coverage optimization of underwater wireless directional restricted sensor networks

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) play a crucial role in underwater communication system, in which node deployment is a difficult problem. Most of the previous researches are based on all-direction underwater acoustic sensors. However, most of the sensors are in limited direction in practical systems. The deployment of directional sensors not only needs to consider its position adjustment, but also needs to accurately adjust its directional information according to the sensing angle, sensing distance and other parameters in its sensing model, so it is difficult to achieve optimization with traditional algorithms. In this paper, we propose the Adaptive Heuristic Algorithm for UWSNs (AHAU) to solve this problem in underwater communication systems. AHAU features the addition of inner layer of adaptive parameter iteration to outer layer of global iteration. AHAU can more precisely adjust the direction of the sensor to achieve higher target coverage rate. The effectiveness and reliability of the proposed algorithm are verified by designing experiments. The results of experiments show that AHAU can achieve better adjustment effect under different parameter conditions to ensure the spatial coverage of UWSNs.