Tailoring metal–organic frameworks for photocatalytic H2O2 production

Photocatalytic synthesis of H2O2 is currently in the spotlight because of its green and sustainable nature, but the construction of photocatalysts with high efficiency is still the key. In this regard, emerging photocatalysts based on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been revitalized for the green synthesis of H2O2 with the various acclaimed merits of MOFs. Therefore, this review provides an insight into the overall progress of MOF-based photocatalysts for H2O2 production through various modification strategies on MOFs, including molecular-level decoration (ligand and metal center decoration, defect and facet engineering), heterostructure construction (C3N4/MOFs, metal sulfides/MOFs and metal oxides/MOFs) and derivatization (metal oxides/sulfides and carbonaceous materials). Meanwhile, the corresponding pathways (oxygen reduction reaction and water oxidation reaction), performances and reaction conditions for photocatalytic H2O2 production were elucidated. Finally, outlooks on current challenges and emerging opportunities in this research field were presented. We hope this review will inspire and contribute to the future development of both MOF-based catalysts and H2O2 green production.