A Literature Review on the Role of Internet of Things, Computer Vision, and Sound Analysis in a Smart Poultry Farm

The rapid growth of human population and frequent changes in environmental conditions pose challenges in providing nutrient-rich food to the current population. The demand for poultry products is increasing exponentially as they are a good source of low-cost proteins. Ensuring the well-being of birds and delivering nutritious poultry products is essential for both current and future food security needs and sustainable agriculture. This article is motivated by the potential of emerging digital technologies in agriculture to provide innovative solutions to challenges faced by farmers, particularly in poultry farming. It aims to shed light on various issues encountered by farmers like diseases on poultry farms and offers valuable insights for researchers seeking to address these challenges using the advancements in digital technologies. Precision farming in poultry involves leveraging technologies such as the internet of things, artificial intelligence, and edge computing to enhance animal health management. A smart poultry farm maintains the farm environment and detects diseases at early stage in the chickens. The farm resources are utilized optimally in the smart poultry farm. This research work provides a systematic literature review of intelligent systems designed for (i) poultry birds' health and welfare management using technologies like the internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and edge computing and (ii) early disease detection, estimation of weight, and feeding behavior of birds with the use of computer vision and vocalization analysis. This article also explores various sensors employed in the development of IoT infrastructure. It has been demonstrated in the literature that modern digital technologies automate the management operations of poultry farms. As a result, the farmer's income increases, and high-quality food products are available to people at low cost.