Long-Term Effectiveness of Ear Molding and Factors Affecting Outcomes

Background: The EarWell System offers an opportunity for babies born with ear anomalies. However, the long-term effectiveness of ear molding remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the long-term effectiveness of this novel technique and to determine the risk factors for recurrence. Methods: This retrospective, population-based cohort study was performed from 2017 to 2021. Infants who completed ear molding therapy and were followed for more than 6 months were enrolled. The main outcomes were immediate and long-term efficacy, which were graded by two blinded plastic surgeons. Results: A total of 226 infants with 334 ears were recruited. The most common anomalies included helical deformities [113 ears (33.8%)], and the rarest deformities were cryptotia [5 ears (1.5%)] and conchal crus [5 ears (1.5%)]. The age of initiation treatment was a factor affecting both immediate ( p =0.004) and long-term effectiveness ( p =0.009). The type of anomaly also influenced long-term molding outcomes. For cup ears, the success rate of long-term outcomes (76.0%) was significantly lower than that of immediate outcomes (98.7%) ( p < 0.001). Prominent ear, cup ear, and microtia were found to be the most likely to relapse during long-term follow-up. The results of logistic regression also demonstrated age, duration time, and the type of anomaly were risk factors of ear molding effects. Conclusions: The EarWell System was shown to be a secure and effective method for congenital ear anomalies. Some infants’ ears recurred after successful immediate results. The age of initiation treatment and the type of anomaly were predictors of long-term outcomes.