Exosomes for Aesthetic Dermatology: A Comprehensive Literature Review and Update

ABSTRACT Background Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles derived from various cell types and tissues that have many potential applications, generating great interest from researchers. One particularly intriguing application of exosomes is their use as a direct therapeutic for aesthetic indications. Several studies and case reports have explored the impact of exosomes for numerous cosmetic concerns but a consensus on the outcomes of these studies has not been established. Aims In this review, we summarize the proposed mechanism of action, application, and efficacy of treatments with exosomes for alopecia and hair rejuvenation, facial rejuvenation, hyperpigmentation, and scarring. Methods We conducted a comprehensive literature review on the use of exosomes for the treatment of alopecia and hair rejuvenation, facial rejuvenation, hyperpigmentation, and scarring. Additionally, several practical clinical cases where exosomes were applied for these indications were included. Results The general consensus from the literature review showed that the early evidence supports the efficacy of exosomes for the treatment of alopecia, facial rejuvenation, hyperpigmentation, and scarring. The clinical cases included demonstrated promising improvements in the patients that received treatment. Several limitations regarding the lack of standardization in the production and application of exosomes may limit their current use until more studies are conducted. Conclusions Exosomes may serve as a potentially beneficial therapeutic option for several aesthetic dermatologic indications but further investigation is required to fully characterize the scope of their application.