Effects of extreme drought on the invasion dynamics of by non-native plants

The increasing frequency of extreme droughts poses significant challenges for predicting the invasion success (or failure) of non-native plant species. While current frameworks are primarily based on moderate droughts, the unique characteristics of extreme droughts necessitate re-evaluating our understanding of plant invasion during and after extreme droughts. Here, using core principles of community assembly and invasion biology, we discuss how the invasibility of non-native plants during and after extreme droughts differs due to: (i) differences in the ecological response of the native community, (ii) barriers at different invasion stages, and (iii) the traits of non-native plants. We incorporate ideas from current ecological theories of invasive success and suggest how drought-mediated invasion is influenced by biotic interactions in the native community.