Shifts of surface-bound •OH to homogeneous •OH in BDD electrochemical system via UV irradiation for enhanced degradation of hydrophilic aromatic compounds

Indirect electrochemical oxidation by hydroxyl radicals is the predominant degradation mechanism in electrolysis with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode. However, this electrochemical method exhibits low reactivity in removal of hydrophilic aromatic pollutants owing to mass transfer limitation. In this study, the combination of ultraviolet light and BDD electrolysis could increase the degradation rate of hydrophilic aromatic pollutants by approximately 8-10 times relative to electrolysis alone. According to the results of the scavenging experiments and identification of benzoic acid oxidation products, surface-bound hydroxyl radical (•OH(surface)) was the primary reactive species degrading aromatic pollutants in the BDD electrolysis process, whereas freely-diffusing homogeneous hydroxyl radical (•OH(free)) was the major reactive species in the UV-assisted BDD electrolysis process. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that UV light decomposed H2O2 formed on the BDD anode surface, thus retarding O2 evolution and facilitating •OH(free) generation. This work also explored the potential application of UV-assisted BDD electrolysis in removing COD from bio-pretreated landfill leachate containing high concentrations of hydrophilic aromatic pollutants. This study shed light on the importance of the existing state of •OH on removal of pollutants during BDD electrolysis, and provided a facile and efficient UV-assisted strategy for promoting degradation of hydrophilic aromatic pollutants.