Cryogenic concrete

Available information on the low temperature behaviour of concrete is reviewed. The temperature dependence of strength, elasticity, thermal and other properties is discussed and possible relationships between compressive strength, tensile strength and elasticity are demonstrated. Changes in properties with low temperature depend on the formation of ice in the pores of the material and this is considered in the light of porosity and moisture content and how they are affected by curing, water/cement ratio and age. Their consequent effects on low temperature behaviour are examined. Finally the result of thermal cycling is discussed.