Vaccination and modern management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – a narrative review

Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) carries a tremendous societal and individual burden, posing significant challenges for public health systems worldwide due to its high morbidity and mortality. Due to aging and multimorbidity but also in the wake of important progress in deciphering the heterogeneous disease endotypes, an individualized approach to the prevention and management of COPD is necessary.Areas covered This article tackles relevant immunization strategies that are available or still under development with a focus on the latest evidence but also controversies around different regional immunization approaches. Further, we present the crossover between chronic lung inflammation and lung microbiome disturbance as well as its role in delineating COPD endotypes. Moreover, the article attempts to underline endotype-specific treatment approaches. Lastly, we highlight non-pharmacologic prevention and management programs in view of the challenges and opportunities of the COVID-19 era.Expert opinion Despite the remaining challenges, personalized medicine has the potential to offer tailored approaches to prevention and therapy and promises to improve the care of patients living with COPD.