Guarding MV cables on-line: With travelling wave based temperature monitoring, fault location, PD location and PD related remaining life aspects

On-line partial discharge (PD) detection and location has proven to be a valuable tool for assessing the condition of medium-voltage (MV) power cables in service. A few advances are discussed in this paper. It is of importance to know all factors affecting PD activity in order to judge its severity. Cable temperature, more specifically its variation due to load cycling, is one key parameter. From the variation of the signal propagation velocity along the cable it is shown that the temperature can be monitored within one degree centigrade accuracy. The PD activity was found to respond upon temperature cycling caused by load variation. Moreover, data gathered from years of field experience has led to more insight in the predictability of upcoming faults based on (trends in) PD activity. It is possible now to identify the time between the moment partial discharges appear (or reach a certain level) and a final breakdown for different types of cable insulation. Occasionally, cable faults occur without being preceded by PD activity. For distribution network operators, a quick location of a MV cable fault, either a direct complete fault or a self-healing (or intermittent) fault, will contribute to reduce the outages both in duration and frequency. The earlier applied PD location technique is extended to capture also faults based on first arrival of the associated transients. This fault pinpointing is possible for any MV power cable type within 1% of the cable length, independent of the network grounding and whether a fault is a permanent one or a self-healing one. This paper presents the various techniques and results from test cases and a real captured field fault.