Main purposes of this work are to clarify mechanism of large bending deformation, and condition of bending crack initiation and also to propose a new practical method of bending test for industrial use. In order to analyse large bending deformations of wide and narrow thick steel plates, analytical methods for bending of thick plates in the plane strain state and in the plane stress state were derived and calculated bending strains were compared to experimental results with good agreement. On the other hand, many bending tests under uniform bending load and concentrated load were carried out and results were analysed by the methods and the condition of bending crack initiation was discussed. Based on the above results, a new reasonable method of bending test for thick steel plate was proposed.