Lipid‐Based Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy: Advances in Targeted Drug Delivery and Therapeutic Potential for Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains a significant clinical challenge due to delayed diagnosis and multidrug resistance, necessitating innovative strategies to enhance early detection and therapeutic efficacy. This review evaluates the role of lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs), including liposomes, micelles, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers, as advanced drug delivery systems in providing innovative solutions for RCC diagnosis and treatment. These LNPs exhibit unique advantages of great biocompatibility, biodegradability, extended circulation, and tumor-targeting capabilities, which enable precise drug delivery, controlled release, and circumvention of drug resistance mechanisms. After integrating recent advancements, it is highlighted that formulations such as Liposome@Sunitinib can enhance tumor accumulation, two-drug-loaded liposomes can activate immune responses, and RNA therapy in combination with immunomodulators can reverse drug resistance. Current findings underscore the transformative potential of lipid-based nanotechnology in addressing RCC-specific challenges, particularly in overcoming biological barriers and refining personalized treatment approaches. In the future, multifunctional nano platforms, precision therapies based on patient genes, advanced materials engineering, combination therapies, and sustainable manufacturing can be developed to promote the application of LNPs in the treatment of RCC and realize personalized nanomedicine.