材料科学
蒸发
发电机(电路理论)
液态水
功率(物理)
热力学
物理
作者
Kuankuan Liu,Huajian Liu,Jiang Gong,Qiang Zhao
标识
DOI:10.1002/adma.202510119
摘要
) under ambient conditions (≈20 °C, ≈43% RH). In addition, benefiting from the high osmotic pressure and mechanical strength of ionized composite hydrogels, DWEGs can be directly plugged into soil with minimal water (as little as 12.5 wt.%) to generate electricity, eliminating the reliance on a liquid water source. Interestingly, a high electrical output (0.65 V, 0.89 µA) is sustained (>60 h) at low-temperature (e.g., -12 °C), overcoming the temporal and geographical restrictions of conventional WEGs in their practical applications.
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