In Situ Probing and Phosphate-Assisted Recovery of Proton Transfer to Eliminate H2O2 Formation in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

production and better stability in both the rotating ring-disk electrode system and flow cell. Our work provides deep insight into the ORR mechanism and a useful strategy to lower the cost and lengthen the lifetime of PEMFCs by using nonnoble metal electrocatalysts as cathodes.