Iterative Synthesis of Multi-grid Topological Nanostructures based on a Stepwise Friedel-Crafts Reaction

Covalent C-C bonded macrocycle topologies have been attracting increasing attention owing to their structural diversity and various applications. However, the methods for constructing such structures are limited, with most relying on transition metal-catalysis or requiring stringent reaction conditions, highlighting the urgent need to explore innovative synthetic approaches. Hence, we report a stepwise Friedel-Crafts gridization catalyzed by BF3·Et2O under ambient conditions and air atmosphere for the synthesis of the multi-grid topological nanostructures 2G-AG (30% yield) and 3G-AG (8% yield). Furthermore, the non-planar and structurally more complex multi-grid topologies, 2G-AG and 3G-AG, exhibit stronger excimer emission. This study provides a novel method for designing and synthesizing complex macrocyclic topological nanostructures connected by covalent bonds and with optoelectronic functionality.