Group2 innate lymphoid cells ameliorate renal fibrosis and dysfunction associated with adenine-induced CKD

Renal fibrosis is a common pathway of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression involving primary kidney injury and kidney diseases. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) mediate type 2 immune responses irrespective of antigen presentation and play a reno-protective role in kidney injury and disease. In the present study, we observed a decrease in kidney-resident ILC2s in CKD and found that enrichment of ILC2s in the kidney ameliorates renal fibrosis. In CKD kidney, ILC2s preferentially produced IL-13 over IL-5 in response to IL-33 stimulation, regardless of ST2L expression. Moreover, GATA3 expression was decreased in ILC2s, and T-bet+ ILC1s and RORγt+ ILC3s were increased in CKD kidney. Adoptive transfer of kidney ILC2s into adenine-induced CKD model mouse improved renal function and fibrosis. Renal fibroblasts cultured with IL33-activated kidney ILC2s suppressed myofibroblast trans-differentiation through Acta2 and Fn-1 regulation. These results suggest that kidney ILC2s prevent CKD progression via improvement of renal fibrosis. Our findings also suggest that ILC2s may contribute to the development of new therapeutic agents and strategies for tissue fibroses.