Multi-stimuli-responsive shape memory flexible composites based on magnetic melamine/polydopamine/phosphorene complex foams and polyethylene glycol

We have developed a novel type of flexible multi-stimuli-responsive shape memory composite system based on a melamine/polydopamine (PDA)/Fe3O4/phosphorene (PR) complex foam and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The system was constructed through coating PDA on the skeleton of the melamine foam and then decorating the PDA layer with Fe3O4 and PR, followed by vacuum impregnation of PEG. The resultant composites exhibit an intrinsic thermal-driven shape memory behavior with a high shape recovery ratio of around 100% thanks to their high latent heat capacity derived from the loaded PEG. The introduction of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and PR nanosheets not only enhances the thermal conductance of the composites but also generates good magnetic and photothermal responsiveness. This enables the composites to obtain good light- and magnetic-driven shape memory capabilities in a shorter shape recovery period. This study offers a new strategy for developing smart materials with multiple and effective response to light, heat, and magnetism.