Dealloyed nanoporous platinum alloy electrocatalysts

Dealloyed nanoporous platinum (np-Pt) alloy electrocatalysts are advantageous owing to the lower Pt content in the alloy composition, nanoporous architecture with high electrochemically active surface area, and excellent electrocatalytic activity and durability. Chemical, electrochemical or other dealloying methods help to develop commercially relevant np-Pt alloys. Selection of the appropriate precursor alloy composition, dealloying solution concentration and time, and the number and nature of dealloying steps are essential to optimize the desirable properties. We comprehensively review the available information on dealloyed Pt and its binary, ternary, quaternary and high-entropy alloys, nanoparticles and composites. The review presents various Pt alloy types and their dealloying conditions and the current understanding of the mechanism of electrocatalysis at the nanoporous confined spaces. The origin and the factors contributing to the electrocatalytic activity of dealloyed nanoporous electrocatalysts are discussed. The collective information could assist researchers in deriving more efficient and durable dealloyed electrocatalysts in various electrochemical energy applications.