生物
根结线虫
线虫
寄主电阻
寄主(生物学)
农学
抗性(生态学)
生态学
免疫学
作者
Homan Regmi,Johan Desaeger
出处
期刊:Crop Protection
[Elsevier]
日期:2020-08-01
卷期号:134: 105170-105170
被引量:18
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105170
摘要
Abstract Host resistance governed by the Mi gene is available in many commercial tomato cultivars, and is effective against the most common tropical root-knot nematode species (Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. arenaria). The resistance has some drawbacks like the lack of activity against other common root-knot nematode species like M. hapla and M. enterolobii, the widespread emergence of resistance-breaking races of M. incognita, and the reported heat sensitivity of the Mi gene. In Florida, many tomato fields often also harbour soilborne pathogens and weeds, such as nutsedge, together with root-knot nematodes. Therefore, most tomato fields in Florida are fumigated, and nematode-resistant tomato cultivars are rarely planted. Two field trials were conducted during fall 2017 and spring 2018 to evaluate the potential of Mi-tomato cultivars in Florida, with or without additional use of a soil fumigant and/or nematicide. Root-knot severity in both seasons was significantly reduced in cultivars having Mi (Sanibel, Skyway, and Tasti Lee + Mi), as compared to the cultivar without Mi (FL 47). Fumigation with chloropicrin at 225 kg/ha and nematicides (fluensulfone in fall and fluazaindolizine in spring) also significantly reduced nematode damage. This was mostly noted for the cv. FL 47, and mostly during the fall growing season, when early nematode pressure was higher. End-of-season root-knot nematode soil populations were significantly lower with Mi cultivars. Chloropicrin on the other hand tended to increase end-of-season root-knot soil populations. No breakdown of resistance due to high soil temperature (>30 °C) was observed. Soil fumigation significantly increased fruit yield, especially in fall (95% increase) and to a lesser extent in spring (14.5% increase), and mostly so for cv. FL 47 and cv. Sanibel. Overall, cv. Sanibel produced the highest fruit yields.
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