Paradoxical alopecia areata during biologic therapies: A case series and long-term follow-up

Alopecia areata (AA) is a non-scarring autoimmune alopecia that may arise as a paradoxical reaction (PR) during treatment with biologic agents for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). Such PRs are increasingly recognized with the widespread use of biologics, particularly TNF-α inhibitors.