An overview of the role of nanoparticles in sustainable agriculture

The use of different chemical fertilizers, pesticides and, other agrochemicals products for increasing crop yield have adverse effect on biodiversity, soil fertility, and in turn on the ecosystems. In recent years, nanotechnology has gained more interest in the agricultural sector compared to conventional agricultural techniques. Nanoparticles (NPs) due to their compact size, ease of transport, ease of handling, long shelf life, high efficiency make it the preferred choice of farmers over other conventional products. Nanotechnology supports agriculture and alleviates environmental challenges by producing nano pesticides and managing plant diseases. This communication deals with the role of nanoparticles in agriculture for sustainable environment. In depth, it delts with negative and positive impact of nanoparticles on different crops, water treatment for irrigation purposes, nanocarriers and fertilizers, nanoparticles for plant protection-nanoinsecticides, nanopesticides, nanofungicides, nanoherbicides, nanobactericides, nanosensors, slow or controlled release fertilizers, clay nanotubes and nanobarcodes have been applied in multiplexed bioassays and general encoding in biological and nonbiological applications. However, studies on their mechanism of action and potential risks that may occur after entering organic phenomena are still insufficient, and further research is needed.