Pyrethroid pesticides are mainly used in killing pests in cotton,vegetable,fruit and tea trees,public health and also in killing parasites in fish.Nowadays more and more pyrethroid pesticides have been used and become substitution of traditional organophosphorus pesticides.It shows high performance,low remanining and resistance against light.Pyrethroid pesticides are easy to metabolize and excrete in mammal,but endanger the water ecosystem.The paper deals with the progress of acute and chronic toxicity test on hydrobiology and mechanism of poisoning with pyrethroid pesticides.