In this study we investigated the in vivo effects of a chemically modified bioactive titanium surface on peri-implant bone formation and compared it with an untreated titanium surface. We identified the importance of surface roughness, hydrophilicity, and surface chemistry of the implant surface and their influence on peri-implant bone formation. The results of this study demonstrate that the chemically modified bioactive titanium surface does enhance bone formation and osseointegration.