Segmentation of the Optic Disc and Optic Cup Using Histogram Feature-Based Adaptive Threshold for Cup to Disk Ratio

Glaucoma is a condition of increased intraocular pressure within the eyes. Such increase then causes the damage on optic nerves as the organ bringing information to be processed in brain. One of the parameters to detect the glaucoma is the ratio between the optic cup and optic disc that can be identified through an examination towards the retinal fundus image of the patient. The ratio is obtained by firstly calculating the width of the area of the optic cup and the optic disc. This research was aimed to propose a method of the segmentation of the optic cup and optic disc with the adaptive threshold. The value of the adaptive threshold was obtained once calculating the mean value and standard deviation on the retinal fundus image of the patient. Before conducting the segmentation, the red component of the image would firstly be extracted followed by doing the contrast stretching. The last one was to perform the morphological operation such as closing and opening to remove the blood vessel to make the ratio calculation more accurate. This method has been tested in a number of retinal fundus images coming from DRISTHI-GS and RIM-ONE.