神经炎症
小胶质细胞
认知功能衰退
炎症
免疫学
趋化因子
医学
全身炎症
神经科学
痴呆
疾病
心理学
病理
作者
Ana Belén López-Rodríguez,Edel Hennessy,Carol Murray,Arshed Nazmi,Hugh J Delaney,Dáire Healy,Steven G. Fagan,Michael Rooney,Erika Stewart,Anouchka Lewis,Niamh de Barra,Philip Scarry,Louise Riggs-Miller,Delphine Boche,Mark Cunningham,Colm Cunningham
摘要
Neuroinflammation contributes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Secondary inflammatory insults trigger delirium and can accelerate cognitive decline. Individual cellular contributors to this vulnerability require elucidation. Using APP/PS1 mice and AD brain, we studied secondary inflammatory insults to investigate hypersensitive responses in microglia, astrocytes, neurons, and human brain tissue. The NLRP3 inflammasome was assembled surrounding amyloid beta, and microglia were primed, facilitating exaggerated interleukin-1β (IL-1β) responses to subsequent LPS stimulation. Astrocytes were primed to produce exaggerated chemokine responses to intrahippocampal IL-1β. Systemic LPS triggered microglial IL-1β, astrocytic chemokines, IL-6, and acute cognitive dysfunction, whereas IL-1β disrupted hippocampal gamma rhythm, all selectively in APP/PS1 mice. Brains from AD patients with infection showed elevated IL-1β and IL-6 levels. Therefore, amyloid leaves the brain vulnerable to secondary inflammation at microglial, astrocytic, neuronal, and cognitive levels, and infection amplifies neuroinflammatory cytokine synthesis in humans. Exacerbation of neuroinflammation to produce deleterious outcomes like delirium and accelerated disease progression merits careful investigation in humans.
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