生物量(生态学)
化学
生物燃料
热解
可再生能源
化学工业
农药
商品化学品
绿色化学
可再生资源
纤维素
有机化学
纤维素乙醇
生物炭
制浆造纸工业
废物管理
催化作用
反应机理
农业
农学
电气工程
工程类
生物
生态学
作者
Lujiang Xu,Qian Yao,Jin Deng,Zheng Han,Ying Zhang,Yao Fu,George W. Huber,Qi Guo
出处
期刊:ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
[American Chemical Society]
日期:2015-10-16
卷期号:3 (11): 2890-2899
被引量:102
标识
DOI:10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00841
摘要
Chemical conversion of biomass to value-added products provides a sustainable alternative to the current chemical industry that is predominantly dependent on fossil fuels. N-Heterocycles, including pyrroles, pyridines, and indoles, etc., are the most abundant and important classes of heterocycles in nature and widely applied as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and other functional materials. However, all starting materials for the synthesis of N-heterocycles currently are derived from crude oil through complex multistep-processes and sometimes result in environmental problems. In this study, we show that N-heterocycles can be directly produced from biomass (including cellulose, lignocelluloses, sugars, starch, and chitosan) over commercial zeolites via a thermocatalytic conversion and ammonization process (TCC-A). All desired reactions occur in one single-step reactor within seconds. The production of pyrroles, pyridines, or indoles can be simply tuned by changing the reaction conditions. Meanwhile, N-containing biochar can be obtained as a valuable coproduct. We also outline the chemistry for the conversion of biomass into heterocycle molecules by the addition of ammonia into pyrolysis reactors demonstrating how industrial chemicals could be produced from renewable biomass resources. Only minimal biomass pretreatment is required for the TCC-A approach.
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