Materials for All-Solid-State Thin-Film Batteries

The chapter describes all kinds of functional materials, namely, active materials for negative and positive electrodes, and materials for solid electrolytes. From the point of view of specific capacity and working potential, the optimal material of the negative electrode is lithium metal, which can be used in all-solid-state batteries in contrast to batteries with liquid electrolytes. The specific methods of lithium electrode manufacturing are explained. As alternative materials for negative electrodes, silicon and silicon-based composites, as well as lithium titanate (including some doped lithium titanate) are described. Silicon possesses maximal specific capacity and quite a negative working potential. Lithium titanate provides excellent cyclability and charge and discharge by high currents. Some classic metal and oxide materials for negative electrodes are also mentioned. Regarding materials for positive electrodes, a major attention is paid to lithiated cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate and materials based on vanadium oxides are described. The main features of solid electrolytes with lithium-ion conductivity are analyzed. Amorphous solid electrolytes including LiPON, LiPON-like glassy materials, glass-ceramic electrolytes, as well as crystalline solid electrolytes including A-site-deficient perovskite solid solutions with Li ion conductivity, NASICON and NASICON-like structures, LISICON and thio-LISICON, and solid electrolytes with garnet-related structures are described in detail.