A review of recent development of sustainable waxes derived from vegetable oils

This review summarizes the recent development in the synthesis of biobased waxes using vegetable oils as feedstock. Driven by the increasing needs of sustainability in packaging and coating industry, research in developing renewable and eco-friendly waxes as replacers for paraffin or natural wax (e.g. beeswax and carnauba wax) has been conducted. We surveyed literature on synthesis, property, and applications of biobased waxes suitable for food contacts. The review also describes chemical structure–function relationship. Challenges in applications of such waxes are also discussed.