Integration of transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and systems pharmacology data to reveal the therapeutic mechanism underlying Chinese herbal Bufei Yishen formula for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Bufei Yishen formula (BYF) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula, which has long been used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Systems pharmacology has previously been used to identify the potential targets of BYF, and an experimental study has demonstrated that BYF is able to prevent COPD. In addition, the transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of lung tissues from rats with COPD and BYF‑treated rats have been characterized. The present study aimed to determine the therapeutic mechanisms underlying the effects of BYF on COPD treatment by integrating transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, together with systems pharmacology datasets. Initially, the proteomic profiles of rats with COPD and BYF‑treated rats were analyzed. Subsequently, pathway and network analyses were conducted to integrate three‑omics data; the results demonstrated that the genes, proteins and metabolites were predominantly associated with oxidoreductase activity, antioxidant activity, focal adhesion and lipid metabolism. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of systems pharmacology, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic datasets was performed, and numerous genes, proteins and metabolites were found to be regulated in BYF‑treated rats; the potential target proteins of BYF were involved in lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and focal adhesion. In conclusion, BYF exerted beneficial effects against COPD, potentially by modulating lipid metabolism, the inflammatory response, oxidative stress and cell junction pathways at the system level.