水力学
蒸腾作用
背景(考古学)
环境科学
水运
光合作用
用水
建筑
水文学(农业)
生物
生态学
环境工程
工程类
水流
地理
古生物学
植物
岩土工程
考古
航空航天工程
作者
Christophe Maurel,Philippe Nacry
出处
期刊:Nature plants
[Springer Nature]
日期:2020-06-29
卷期号:6 (7): 744-749
被引量:89
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41477-020-0684-5
摘要
Because of intense transpiration and growth, the needs of plants for water can be immense. Yet water in the soil is most often heterogeneous if not scarce due to more and more frequent and intense drought episodes. The converse context, flooding, is often associated with marked oxygen deficiency and can also challenge the plant water status. Under our feet, roots achieve an incredible challenge to meet the water demand of the plant’s aerial parts under such dramatically different environmental conditions. For this, they continuously explore the soil, building a highly complex, branched architecture. On shorter time scales, roots keep adjusting their water transport capacity (their so-called hydraulics) locally or globally. While the mechanisms that directly underlie root growth and development as well as tissue hydraulics are being uncovered, the signalling mechanisms that govern their local and systemic adjustments as a function of water availability remain largely unknown. A comprehensive understanding of root architecture and hydraulics as a whole (in other terms, root hydraulic architecture) is needed to apprehend the strategies used by plants to optimize water uptake and possibly improve crops regarding this crucial trait. One consequence of climate change is an increased frequency of flood and drought episodes. This Perspective explores how water availability regulates root architecture and water transport capacity (hydraulics), from sensing mechanisms to novel responses.
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