Study of Environmental Concerns of Dyes and Recent Textile Effluents Treatment Technology: A Review

The textile industry is one of the significant industries which produces large amount of wastewater effluents all year. The kind of these effluents has the features of higher rate of BOD, COD, complex structure, color, great emission and hard degradation. If being directly discharged without treatment, it will cause a potential hazard to the aquatic ecosystem and human. This paper provides the literature information about the environmental concern and their toxicity effects as well as classification of dyes. This review will present the methods for the removal of dyes from aqueous solution and wastewater effluents. The various dye removal techniques are classified into biological, chemical, physical methods, in addition to combination treatments. Biological methods include aerobic and anaerobic degradation bioremediation by bacteria & fungi and algae, while chemical methods comprise coagulation or flocculation combined through floatation and filtration, precipitation, electro floatation, electro kinetic coagulation, conventional oxidation methods by oxidizing agents such as ozone, irradiation or electrochemical processes. Furthermore, physical technologies as adsorption, ion exchange and filtration coagulation methods.