安普克
自噬
PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路
ULK1
雷帕霉素的作用靶点
mTORC1型
疾病
免疫系统
细胞生物学
蛋白激酶A
激酶
生物
神经科学
信号转导
医学
免疫学
细胞凋亡
生物化学
内科学
作者
Silvia Cetrullo,Stefania D’Adamo,Benedetta Tantini,Rosa Maria Borzı̀,Flavio Flamigni
标识
DOI:10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2015012975
摘要
Cells adapt their metabolism and activities in response to signals from their surroundings, and this ability is essential for their survival in the face of environmental changes. In mammalian tissues a deficit of these mechanisms is commonly associated with cellular aging and degenerative diseases related to aging, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, immune system decline, and neurological pathologies. Several proteins have been identified as able to respond directly to energy, nutrient, and growth factor levels and stress stimuli in order to mediate adaptations in the cell. Many of these proteins are enzymes that positively or negatively modulate the autophagic process. This review focuses on biochemical mechanisms involving enzymes--specifically, mTOR, AMPK, and Sirt1--that are currently considered important for these adaptive responses, providing an overview of the interactions of the main players in this process.
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