微泡
胞外囊泡
小泡
细胞外
细胞生物学
免疫系统
细胞外小泡
细胞内
生物
化学
核酸
外体
生物化学
免疫学
小RNA
膜
基因
作者
Paul D. Robbins,Adrián E. Morelli
出处
期刊:Nature Reviews Immunology
[Springer Nature]
日期:2014-02-25
卷期号:14 (3): 195-208
被引量:1726
摘要
Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, provide a means of intercellular communication for immune regulation. Here, the authors describe how the proteins, nucleic acids and other molecules that they carry influence immune responses, and explore their potential use in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, are small membrane vesicles derived from multivesicular bodies or from the plasma membrane. Most, if not all, cell types release extracellular vesicles, which then enter the bodily fluids. These vesicles contain a subset of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids that are derived from the parent cell. It is thought that extracellular vesicles have important roles in intercellular communication, both locally and systemically, as they transfer their contents, including proteins, lipids and RNAs, between cells. Extracellular vesicles are involved in numerous physiological processes, and vesicles from both non-immune and immune cells have important roles in immune regulation. Moreover, extracellular vesicle-based therapeutics are being developed and clinically tested for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders and cancer. Given the tremendous therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles, this Review focuses on their role in modulating immune responses, as well as their potential therapeutic applications.
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