Single-atom nanozyme-based electrochemical sensors for health and food safety monitoring

Electrochemical sensors and biosensors play an important role in many fields, including biology, clinical trials, and food industry. For health and food safety monitoring, accurate and quantitative sensing is needed to ensure that there is no significantly negative impact on human health. It is difficult for traditional sensors to meet these requirements. In recent years, single-atom nanozymes (SANs) have been successfully used in electrochemical sensors due to their high electrochemical activity, good stability, excellent selectivity and high sensitivity. Here, we first summarize the detection principle of SAN-based electrochemical sensors. Then, we review the detection performances of small molecules on SAN-based electrochemical sensors, including H2O2, dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA), glucose, H2S, NO, and O2. Subsequently, we put forward the optimization strategies to promote the development of SAN-based electrochemical sensors. Finally, the challenges and prospects of SAN-based sensors are proposed.