Achieving a stable 518 Wh kg −1 Li metal pouch cell via SEI reconstruction engineering for high Li + conductive hetero-grain boundaries

A SEI reconstruction method on Li anodes via perfluoroether carboxylic acid spraying, yielding a LiF/Li 2 O-rich SEI with high Li + conductive hetero-grain boundaries, enabling a 5.8 Ah pouch cell to achieve 518 Wh kg −1 and 100 cycles.