Water-stable MOFs and hydrophobically encapsulated MOFs for CO2 capture from ambient air and wet flue gas

The extra CO2 that has already been released into the atmosphere has to be removed in order to create a carbon–neutral world. Technologies have been created to remove carbon dioxide from wet flue gas or even directly from ambient air; however, these technologies have not been widely deployed yet. New generations of CO2 sorbents have been produced as a consequence of recent improvements in material assembly and surface chemistry. We summarize recent progress on water-stable and encapsulated metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for CO2 capture under a wide range of environmental and operating conditions. In particular, newly developed water-stable MOFs and hydrophobic coating technologies are discussed with insights into their materials discovery and the synergistic effects between different components of these hybrid sorbent systems. The future perspectives and directions of water-stable and encapsulated MOFs are also elucidated for Direct Air Capture of CO2 and CO2 capture from wet flue gas.