凝血酶
血管生成
纤维蛋白
癌症研究
凝结
癌症
组织因子
转移
凝血活酶
血栓调节蛋白
癌细胞
免疫系统
免疫学
背景(考古学)
血小板
医学
生物
内科学
古生物学
作者
Karolina Aleksandrowicz,Dominika Hempel,Barbara Polityńska,Anna M. Wojtukiewicz,Kenneth V. Honn,Dean G. Tang,Marek Z. Wojtukiewicz
出处
期刊:Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis
[Georg Thieme Verlag KG]
日期:2023-11-20
被引量:1
标识
DOI:10.1055/s-0043-1776875
摘要
Abstract Thrombin, a pleiotropic enzyme involved in coagulation, plays a crucial role in both procoagulant and anticoagulant pathways. Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, initiates platelet activation, and promotes clot formation. Thrombin also activates anticoagulant pathways, indirectly inhibiting factors involved in coagulation. Tissue factor triggers thrombin generation, and the overexpression of thrombin in various cancers suggests that it is involved in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Increased thrombin generation has been observed in cancer patients, especially those with metastases. Thrombin exerts its effects through protease-activated receptors (PARs), particularly PAR-1 and PAR-2, which are involved in cancer progression, angiogenesis, and immunological responses. Thrombin-mediated signaling promotes angiogenesis by activating endothelial cells and platelets, thereby releasing proangiogenic factors. These functions of thrombin are well recognized and have been widely described. However, in recent years, intriguing new findings concerning the association between thrombin activity and cancer development have come to light, which justifies a review of this research. In particular, there is evidence that thrombin-mediated events interact with the immune system, and may regulate its response to tumor growth. It is also worth reevaluating the impact of thrombin on thrombocytes in conjunction with its multifaceted influence on tumor progression. Understanding the role of thrombin/PAR-mediated signaling in cancer and immunological responses is crucial, particularly in the context of developing immunotherapies. In this systematic review, we focus on the impact of the thrombin-related immune system response on cancer progression.
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