The authors study pediatric head injuries and the use of appropriate child restraint seats (CRSs) in non motor vehicle crash (MVC) scenarios (i.e. use of the CRS outside the motor vehicle). In a study of Canadian data, non-MVC CRS injuries were 7 times higher than MVC CRS injuries. The most common cause of non-MVC CRS injuries involved falls. Non-MVC CRS victims were found to be significantly younger than MVC CRS victims.