Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease among residents aged 30 to 70 years in Sri Lanka

Abstract Background : Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has been identified as a major public health problem for the past few decades. The study aimed to determine the prevalence CKD. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using the multistage cluster sampling technique. Study participants were 767 adults of 30 to 70 years. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated using the CKD EPI equation. eGFR values below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for more than three months or eGFR values >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 with evidence of renal damage persistent for more than three months was defined as CKD. Presence of proteinuria with urine protein creatinine >20mg/mmol was defined as the evidence for kidney damage. Median and mean eGFR of the sample was calculated. Prevalence of CKD, proteinuria and suspected CKDu were described with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Median eGFR of the males was 92.0 ml/min/1.73m² (IQR: 80.0-102.7) while mean eGFR of them was 91.01 ml/min/1.73m² (SD=16.4). Median eGFR of the females was 93.0 ml/min/1.73m² (IQR:82.0-104.0) while mean eGFR of them was 92.62 ml/min/1.73m²(SD=16.0). The prevalence of confirmed severe proteinuria (>50mg/mmol) and moderate proteinuria (≥15mg /mmol creatinine to ≤50mg/mmol) was 3.2 % (95%CI;1.9%-4.4%), and 3.8% (95%CI;2.4%-5.1%) respectively. The prevalence of confirmed CKD was 8.2% (95%CI;6.4%-10.4%). The prevalence of confirmed stage one or stage two CKD was 5.6% (95%CI;4.1%-7.1%) and stage >3 was 2.6% (95% CI=1.6%-4.0%). There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of CKD between people of 51 to 70 years and 30 to 50 years (p<0.001) of age. The prevalence of CKD was not associated with the sex (p=0.07), ethnicity (p=0.31), area of living (urban or rural) (p=0.52). The prevalence of CKD was 6.4% (95%CI;4.8%-8.4%) among the patients who had any co-morbidity and 1.8% (95%CI;1.0%-3.0%) among those who have no co-morbidity. The prevalence of suspected CKDu was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.2%-3.4%). Conclusions: Higher prevalence of confirmed CKD patients was in either stage one or two, older age and who had any co-morbidity.