The Antimicrobial, Hemostatic, and Anti‐Adhesion Effects of a Peptide Hydrogel Constructed by the All‐d‐Enantiomer of Antimicrobial Peptide Jelleine‐1

Abstract Peptide hydrogels are believed to be potential biomaterials with wide application in the biomedical field because of their good biocompatibility, injectability, and 3D printability. Most of the previously reported polypeptide hydrogels are composed of l ‐peptides, while the hydrogels formed by self‐assembly of d ‐peptides are rarely reported. Herein, a peptide hydrogel constructed by D‐J‐1, which is the all‐ d ‐enantiomer of antimicrobial peptide Jelleine‐1 (J‐1) is reported. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM) and rheologic study are performed to characterize the hydrogel. Antimicrobial, hemostatic, and anti‐adhesion studies are carried out to evaluate its biofunction. The results show that D‐J‐1 hydrogel is formed by self‐assembly and cross‐linking driven by hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, and π–π stacking force of aromatic ring in the structure of D‐J‐1. It exhibits promising antimicrobial activity, hemostatic activity, and anti‐adhesion efficiency in a rat sidewall defect‐cecum abrasion model. In addition, it also exhibits good biocompatibility. Notably, D‐J‐1 hydrogel shows improved in vitro and in vivo stability when compared with its l ‐enantiomer J‐1 hydrogel. Therefore, the present study will provide new insight into the application of d ‐peptide hydrogel, and provides a new peptide hydrogel with antibacterial, hemostatic, and anti‐adhesion efficacy for clinical use.