Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Catalysts for Selective Production of Diesel Fraction

The Fischer–Tropsch process is considered one of the most promising eco-friendly routes for obtaining synthetic motor fuels. Fischer–Tropsch synthesis is a heterogeneous catalytic process in which a synthesis gas (CO/H2) transforms into a mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons, mainly linear alkanes. Recently, an important direction has been to increase the selectivity of the process for the diesel fraction. Diesel fuel synthesized via the Fischer–Tropsch method has a number of advantages over conventional fuel, including the high cetane number, the low content of aromatic, and the practically absent sulfur and nitrogen impurities. One of the possible ways to obtain a high yield of diesel fuel via the Fischer–Tropsch process is the development of selective catalysts. In this review, the latest achievements in the field of production of diesel via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis using catalysts are reviewed for the first time. Catalytic systems based on Al2O3 and mesoporous silicates, such as MCM-41, SBA-15, and micro- and mesoporous zeolites, are observed. Together with catalytic systems, the main factors that influence diesel fuel selectivity such as temperature, pressure, CO:H2 ratio, active metal particle size, and carrier pore size are highlighted. The motivation behind this work is due to the increasing need for alternative processes in diesel fuel production with a low sulfur content and better exploitation characteristics.