Differential Diagnosis or Etiology: A Case Report on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-like Neuropathy Associated with HIV Infection

Background: Retroviruses are described as a risk factor for chronic neuropathy. However, it is still unknown if they can work as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis triggers. Over the years, some cases of this association have been described with heterogenous disclosures. Case Representation: This study aimed to report a case of HIV and ALS-like neuropathy and briefly discuss peculiarities of clinical aspects, such as physiopathology and treatment options. The patient underwent neurological examination associated with blood tests, electromyography, analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, and imaging studies. Discussion: A non-systematic review was performed in major databases regarding the topic. The case presented mixed upper and lower motor neuron signs and was framed as a probable case of ALS following the present criteria. Conclusion: After a short follow-up and viral load cleansing, neurological stabilization was achieved.