Advancing our knowledge about cerebral small vessel diseases

A structurally and functionally intact cerebral small vessel system that is responsive to the fluctuating demands of neurons, glia, and other associated cells is essential for brain health, providing the final common pathway that nourishes and protects the brain. Within this network are about 400 miles of capillaries, the primary site of oxygen and nutrient exchange, and an overarching system of blood vessels and related structures called the neurovasculome.1,2 The neurovasculome is composed of all the extracranial, intracranial, and meningeal vessels, and the lymphatics and associated cells that subserve vital homoeostatic functions of the brain.