A Comprehensive Study of the Effect of Lubricant in the Sizing Agent on the Properties of a Basalt Fiber and Epoxy Resin Composite Material

Based on the formula for the sizing agent for basalt fiber, this paper presents a comprehensive study of the effects of lubricants on the properties of sizing agents, basalt fiber, and epoxy resin composite materials. Through testing and analysis of physical and chemical parameters, a new sizing agent with excellent performance was developed. The results demonstrated that the components and proportions of the lubricant significantly affected the physical and chemical parameters of the emulsion, as well as the mechanical properties of the basalt fibers and their epoxy resin composite materials. The lubricant with the combination ratio of 0.70% saturated fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester and 0.30% unsaturated fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester and imidazoline lubricant-I produced basalt fiber with the best mechanical properties. The single fiber tensile strength and yarn breaking strength increased by 18.42% and 12.5%. Furthermore, the lubricant with the combination ratio of 0.70% saturated fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester and 0.30% unsaturated fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester and imidazoline lubricant-III resulted in the best mechanical properties for Epoxy–BFRP composite materials. The tensile strength of the Epoxy–BFRP composite material increased by 13.2%, the tensile modulus increased by 45.2%, and the flexural strength increased by 12.0%.