Interfacial Engineering Enhancing Electron Transfer of CaF2 Nanoparticles for Periodontitis Treatment of Sonotherapy and Bone Resorption

Conventional periodontitis treatments can be superseded by sonodynamic therapy. In this study, a Zn(OH)F/CaF2 heterojunction was synthesized via a hydrothermal method, which exhibited good biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. The band gap decreased significantly after the formation of the heterojunction, thereby enhancing the internal electron transfer. In addition, after the bacteria contact with the material, the electrons of the electron transport chain turn to Zn(OH)F/CaF2 and affect its steady state. Ultimately, H2O2 in an inflammatory environment was used to react with Zn(OH)F/CaF2 to facilitate electron transfer under the influence of ultrasound, ultimately enhancing the catalytic activity. Zn(OH)F/CaF2 exhibits significant antibacterial efficacy against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Staphylococcus aureus. Trace elements Ca and Zn can promote tissue repair and osteogenic differentiation, resulting in less bone destruction and intact gingival tissue after periodontitis treatment. This sonodynamic therapy provides a rapid antibacterial, effective, and deep therapeutic method for treating periodontitis.