Abrocitinib Treatment Modes: Impact on Prognosis and Relapse Rates in Atopic Dermatitis

Background: Although clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of abrocitinib for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD), real-world evidences are limited. In particular, studies exploring the impact of different treatment modes on prognosis are currently lacking. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of various abrocitinib treatment regimens on the prognosis of AD. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Southwest Hospital of the Army Military Medical University and involved patients with moderate to severe AD receiving abrocitinib. After disease control, patients were given the option to continue, taper, or discontinue abrocitinib based on their preferences. Clinical data from eligible patients were retrospectively collected between August 2023 and April 2024. Results: In the maintenance group (100 mg/day), EASI-75, and pp-NRS4 were achieved by 33.3% and 58.3% of patients, respectively, with a mean reduction of 12.8 points in Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI) compared with baseline. Patients who completed the 12-week induction period (including both maintenance and tapering groups) showed greater improvement in SCORing atopic dermatitis (P < 0.0001; P = 0.0002), Eczema Area and Severity Index (P < 0.0001; P = 0.0002), Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (all P < 0.0001), and DLQI (all P < 0.0001), as well as a longer time to relapse, compared to those in the discontinuation group. Conclusion: Continuous treatment with abrocitinib and completion of the 12-week induction period were associated with improved outcomes and reduced relapse rates in AD patients.