Electrocardiographic imaging: technical developments and future applications for non-invasive electroanatomical study of the human heart

Electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) is a non-invasive technique that combines patient-specific cardiac anatomy with numerous body-surface potentials to gain insight into the in vivo electrical epicardial activity across the whole heart. This review summarises some of the latest hardware developments for ECGI data acquisition as well as innovative software solutions to address the inverse problem of electrocardiography. It delves into some of the successful clinical applications of ECGI while highlighting the hurdles that still stand in the way of its more widespread roll-out to healthcare. As well as serving as a powerful tool for electrophysiological research, ECGI promises to play an increasingly valuable role in the personalised diagnosis and management of cardiac arrhythmias.